the mysteries

mystērĭum, ii, n., = mustêrion, a secret service, secret rites, secret worship of a deity, divine mystery (class.; cf. arcanum).

Lit., of the mysteries of Ceres, otherwise called sacra Eleusinia, Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35:

mysteria Attica,

Tert. Apol. 39:

mysteria Cereris initiorum enuntiare,

Just. 5, 1, 1:

mysteria facere,

to celebrate the sacred mysteries, Nep. Alcib. 3, 6.—Also, the festival on which these mysteries were celebrated: in quem diem Romana incidant mysteria, the festival of the goddess Bona Dea, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 26; 5, 21, 14 sq.—

Transf., in gen., a secret thing, secret, mystery:

rhetorum mysteria,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 25, 55; id. de Or. 1, 47, 206:

epistolae nostrae tantum habent mysteriorum,

id. Att. 4, 18, 1:

accipe congestas, mysteria frivolas nugas,

Aus. Ep. 4, 67.—

(Eccl. Lat.)

Something transcending mere human intelligence:

mysterium evangelii,

Vulg. Eph. 6, 19:

mysterium sicut evangelizaverat per prophetas,

id. Apoc. 10, 7:

mysteria regni caelorum,

id. Matt. 13, 11.—

Of Antichrist, Vulg. Apoc. 17, 5:

mysterium iniquitatis,

id. 2 Thess. 2, 7. —

The Lord's supper:

mysterium celebrat,

Ambros. in 1 Cor. 11, 27.

Orgĭa, ōrum, n., = Orgia, a nocturnal festival in honor of Bacchus, accompanied by wild bacchanalian cries, the feast or orgies of Bacchus.

Lit., Verg. A. 4, 303; Ov. M. 11, 93; Verg. G. 4, 521.—

Transf., in gen., secret frantic revels, orgies, Juv. 2, 91; Stat. S. 5, 5, 4.—

Trop.:

Itala per Graios Orgia ferre choros,

the mysteries of love in the Latin tongue, Prop. 4, 1, 4:

naturae,

secrets, mysteries, Col. 10, 217.

* * *

sē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3 (old inf. secernier, Lucr. 3, 263), v. a.

Lit., to put apart, to sunder, sever, separate (freq. and class.; not in Cæs.; cf.: sepono, sejungo, secludo); constr. with simple acc., or with ab aliquā re; less freq. ex aliquā re; poet. with abl.

With simple acc.:

quae non animalia solum Corpora sejungunt, sed terras ac mare totum Secernunt,

Lucr. 2, 729:

seorsum partem utramque,

id. 3, 637:

arietes, quibus sis usurus ad feturam, bimestri tempore ante secernendum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 13 (cf. infra, b):

stamen secernit harundo,

Ov. M. 6, 55:

sparsos sine ordine flores Secernunt calathis,

separate in baskets, id. ib. 14, 267:

nihil (praedae) in publicum secernendo augenti rem privatam militi favit,

setting apart for the public treasury, Liv. 7, 16; cf.:

Juppiter illa piae secrevit litora genti,

hath set apart for the pious race, Hor. Epod. 16, 63:

inde pares centum denos secrevit in orbes Romulus,

separated, divided, Ov. F. 3, 127.—

With ab or (less freq.) with ex, and poet. with abl.:

a terris altum secernere caelum,

Lucr. 5, 446:

ab aëre caelum,

Ov. M. 1, 23:

Europen ab Afro (medius liquor),

Hor. C. 3, 3, 47:

muro denique secernantur a nobis,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

inermes ab armatis,

Liv. 41, 3:

militem a populo (in spectaculis),

Suet. Aug. 44:

se a bonis,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

se ab Etruscis,

Liv. 6, 10.—In the part. perf.:

antequam incipiat admissura fieri, mares a feminis secretos habeant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 18 (cf. supra, a); so,

saepta ab aliis,

id. ib. 2, 2, 8:

manus a nobis,

Lucr. 2, 912; 3, 552:

sphaera ab aethereā conjunctione,

Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

sucus a reliquo cibo,

id. ib. 2, 55, 137:

bilis ab eo cibo,

id. ib. al.:

secreti ab aliis ad tribunos adducuntur,

Liv. 6, 25; 25, 30:

secretis alterius ab altero criminibus,

id. 40, 8 fin.; 39, 10:

se e grege imperatorum,

id. 35, 14 fin.:

unum e praetextatis compluribus,

Suet. Aug. 94 med.:

monile ex omni gazā,

id. Galb. 18:

me gelidum nemus Nympharumque leves chori Secernunt populo,

separate, distinguish, Hor. C. 1, 1, 32.—

Trop., to separate, disjoin, part, dissociate (syn.: internosco, distinguo).

With simple acc.:

hosce ego homines excipio et secerno libenter,

set apart, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15.—

With ab, or poet. with abl.: ut venustas et pulchritudo corporis secerni non potest a valetudine;

sic, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 27, 95:

animum a corpore,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

tertium genus (laudationum) a praeceptis nostris,

id. de Or. 2, 84, 341; cf.:

ipsam pronuntiationem ab oratore,

Quint. 1, 11, 17: dicendi facultatem a majore vitae laude, id. 2, 15, 2:

sua a publicis consiliis,

Liv. 4, 57:

haec a probris ac sceleribus ejus,

Suet. Ner. 19 et saep.:

cur me a ceteris clarissimis viris in hoc officio secernas,

Cic. Sull. 1, 3:

publica privatis, sacra profanis,

Hor. A. P. 397.—

To distinguish, discern:

blandum amicum a vero,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

non satis acute, quae sunt secernenda, distinguit,

id. Top. 7, 31:

nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum, Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 113:

turpi honestum,

id. ib. 1, 6, 63.—

To set aside, reject:

cum reus frugalissimum quemque secerneret,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 3:

minus idoneos senatores,

Suet. Vit. 2.—Hence, sēcrē-tus, a, um, P. a., severed, separated; hence, separate, apart (as an adj. not freq. till after the Aug. period; not in Cic.; syn.: sejunctus, seclusus).

In gen.:

ne ducem suum, neve secretum imperium propriave signa haberent, miscuit manipulos, etc.,

Liv. 1, 52:

electa (uva defertur) in secretam corbulam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2:

arva,

Verg. A. 6, 478; Varr. L. L. 9, § 57 Müll.—

In partic.

Of places or things pertaining to them, out of the way, retired, remote, lonely, solitary, secret (syn.:

solus, remotus, arcanus): secreta petit loca, balnea vitat,

Hor. A. P. 298:

locus (opp. celeber),

Quint. 11, 1, 47:

montes,

Ov. M. 11, 765:

silva,

id. ib. 7, 75:

litora,

id. ib. 12, 196:

pars domus (the gynaeceum),

id. ib. 2, 737; cf. in sup.:

secretissimus locus (navis),

Petr. 100, 6: vastum ubique silentium, secreti colles, solitary, i. e. abandoned, deserted by the enemy, = deserti, Tac. Agr. 38:

iter (with semita),

solitary, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 103; cf.

quies,

Mart. 7, 32, 4.—Of persons and transactions, private, secret:

invadit secretissimos tumultus,

Sen. Ep. 91, 5:

vacuis porticibus secretus agitat,

Tac. A. 11, 21:

est aliquis ex secretis studiis fructus,

private studies, Quint. 2, 18, 4; so,

studia (opp. forum),

id. 12, 6, 4:

disputationes,

id. 12, 2, 7:

contentio,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 4 et saep. —Hence,

Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., retirement, solitude, secrecy; a solitude, solitary place, retreat (syn.: solitudo, secessus); sing.:

cum stilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes arbitros reformidet,

Quint. 10, 7, 16:

secreti longi causā,

Ov. H. 21, 21:

altum abditumque secretum, Phn. Ep. 2, 17, 22: dulce,

id. ib. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 30; 12, 5, 2; Tac. A. 4, 57; 14, 53; id. Agr. 39 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 10, 11; 4, 23, 6; Luc. 3, 314.— Plur.:

se a vulgo et scaenā in secreta removere,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 71:

horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae,

Verg. A. 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 594; Tac. H. 3, 63; Quint. 1, 2, 18:

dulcis secretorum comes (eloquentia),

id. 1, 4, 5:

cameli solitudines aut secreta certe petunt,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 173.— Comp.:

haec pars Suevorum in secretiora Germaniae porrigitur,

into the more remote parts, Tac. G. 41. —

Absol.: in secreto, in a secret place, secretly:

tempus in secreto lbi tereret,

Liv. 26, 19, 5:

reus in secreto agebatur,

Curt. 10, 4, 29.—

That is removed from acquaintance (cf. abditus), hidden, concealed, secret:

secreta ducis pectora,

Mart. 5, 5, 4:

secretas advocat artes,

Ov. M. 7, 138:

ars,

Petr. 3:

litterae (with familiares),

Quint. 1, 1, 29:

carmina (the Sibylline odes),

Luc. 1, 599:

libidines,

Tac. A. 1, 4 fin.:

quaedam imperii pignora,

Flor. 1, 2, 3.—With ab:

nec quicquam secretum alter ab altero haberent,

Liv. 39, 10, 1.— Comp.:

libertus ex secretioribus ministeriis,

Tac. Agr. 40:

praemia (opp. publica largitio),

id. H. 1, 24:

aliud (nomen),

Quint. 1, 4, 25:

vitium stomachi,

Mart. 3, 77, 9.— Poet. for the adv. secreto:

tu (Anna) secreta pyram tecto interiore Erige,

in secret, secretly, Verg. A. 4, 494; cf.:

stridere secreta divisos aure susurros,

secretly in each one's ear, Hor. S. 2, 8, 78.—Hence,

Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., something secret, secret conversation; a mystery, secret:

secretum petenti non nisi adhibito filio dedit,

Suet. Tib. 25 fin.; id. Calig. 23:

illuc me persecutus secretum petit,

a secret interview, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 11:

petito secreto futura aperit,

Tac. H. 2, 4.— Piur.:

crebra cum amicis secreta habere,

Tac. A. 13, 18:

animi secreta proferuntur,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141:

nulla lex jubet amicorum secreta non eloqui,

Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

omnium secreta rimari,

Tac. A. 6, 3:

horribile secretum,

Petr. 21, 3; Tac. H. 1, 17 fin.; id. Agr. 25; Suet. Aug. 66:

uxor omnis secreti capacissima,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 7; Quint. 12, 9, 5 al.—Concr.:

lucos ac nemora consecrant deorumque nominibus appellant secretum illud, quod solā reverentiā vident,

that mysterious being, Tac. G. 9 fin.—Plur.:

introitus, aperta, secreta velut in annales referebat,

Tac. A. 4, 67; cf.:

gens non astuta aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentia joci,

id. G. 22:

oratio animi secreta detegit,

Quint. 11, 1, 30; Tac. A. 1, 6; 4, 7 fin.; 6, 3; id. G. 19; Plin. Pan. 68, 6; Suet. Tib. 52; id. Oth. 3 et saep.—Concr.:

(Minerva) hanc legem dederat, sua ne secreta viderent,

i. e. the mysteries, Ov. M. 2, 556; 2, 749; cf.:

secretiora quaedam,

magic arts, Amm. 14, 6, 14:

in secretis ejus reperti sunt duo libelli,

among his private papers, Suet. Calig. 49.—

Pregn., separate from what is common, i. e. uncommon, rare, recondite (perh. only in the two foll. passages of Quint.):

(figurae) secretae et extra vulgarem usum positae, etc.,

Quint. 9, 3, 5: interpretatio linguae secretioris, quas Graeci glôssas vocant, i. e. of the more uncommon words, id. 1, 1, 35 (for which:

glossemata id est voces minus usitatas,

id. 1, 8, 15).—

In Lucr., of any thing separated from what belongs to it, i. e. wanting, deprived of, without something; with abl. or gen.:

nec porro secreta cibo natura animantum Propagare genus possit (corresp. to sine imbribus),

Lucr. 1, 194:

(corpora) secreta teporis Sunt ac frigoris omnino calidique vaporis (corresp. to spoliata colore),

id. 2, 843. —Hence, adv., in three forms: secreto (class.), secrete (post-class.), and secretim (late Lat. and very rare).

(Acc. to A.) Apart, by itself, separately:

de quibus (hortis) suo loco dicam secretius,

Col. 11, 2, 25. —

(Acc. to B. 2.) In secret, secretly; without witnesses; in private.

sēcrē-tō:

mirum, quid solus secum secreto ille agat,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 73:

secreto illum adjutabo,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 7:

secreto hoc audi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 2:

nescio quid secreto velle loqui te Aiebas mecum,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 67:

secreto te huc seduxi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 14:

facere,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 35; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 100; id. Att. 7, 8, 4; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4:

secreto ab aliis,

Liv. 3, 36:

secreto agere cum aliquo,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 1; Quint. 5, 13, 16; 9, 2, 79; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8; Curt. 7, 2, 13.—

sēcrētē, Tert. Or. 1 med.; id. Pall. 4 fin. —

Comp.:

secretius emittitur inflatio,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 4, 1. —

sēcrētim, Amm. 29, 1, 6.

sē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3 (old inf. secernier, Lucr. 3, 263), v. a.

Lit., to put apart, to sunder, sever, separate (freq. and class.; not in Cæs.; cf.: sepono, sejungo, secludo); constr. with simple acc., or with ab aliquā re; less freq. ex aliquā re; poet. with abl.

With simple acc.:

quae non animalia solum Corpora sejungunt, sed terras ac mare totum Secernunt,

Lucr. 2, 729:

seorsum partem utramque,

id. 3, 637:

arietes, quibus sis usurus ad feturam, bimestri tempore ante secernendum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 13 (cf. infra, b):

stamen secernit harundo,

Ov. M. 6, 55:

sparsos sine ordine flores Secernunt calathis,

separate in baskets, id. ib. 14, 267:

nihil (praedae) in publicum secernendo augenti rem privatam militi favit,

setting apart for the public treasury, Liv. 7, 16; cf.:

Juppiter illa piae secrevit litora genti,

hath set apart for the pious race, Hor. Epod. 16, 63:

inde pares centum denos secrevit in orbes Romulus,

separated, divided, Ov. F. 3, 127.—

With ab or (less freq.) with ex, and poet. with abl.:

a terris altum secernere caelum,

Lucr. 5, 446:

ab aëre caelum,

Ov. M. 1, 23:

Europen ab Afro (medius liquor),

Hor. C. 3, 3, 47:

muro denique secernantur a nobis,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

inermes ab armatis,

Liv. 41, 3:

militem a populo (in spectaculis),

Suet. Aug. 44:

se a bonis,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

se ab Etruscis,

Liv. 6, 10.—In the part. perf.:

antequam incipiat admissura fieri, mares a feminis secretos habeant,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 18 (cf. supra, a); so,

saepta ab aliis,

id. ib. 2, 2, 8:

manus a nobis,

Lucr. 2, 912; 3, 552:

sphaera ab aethereā conjunctione,

Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

sucus a reliquo cibo,

id. ib. 2, 55, 137:

bilis ab eo cibo,

id. ib. al.:

secreti ab aliis ad tribunos adducuntur,

Liv. 6, 25; 25, 30:

secretis alterius ab altero criminibus,

id. 40, 8 fin.; 39, 10:

se e grege imperatorum,

id. 35, 14 fin.:

unum e praetextatis compluribus,

Suet. Aug. 94 med.:

monile ex omni gazā,

id. Galb. 18:

me gelidum nemus Nympharumque leves chori Secernunt populo,

separate, distinguish, Hor. C. 1, 1, 32.—

Trop., to separate, disjoin, part, dissociate (syn.: internosco, distinguo).

With simple acc.:

hosce ego homines excipio et secerno libenter,

set apart, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15.—

With ab, or poet. with abl.: ut venustas et pulchritudo corporis secerni non potest a valetudine;

sic, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 27, 95:

animum a corpore,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

tertium genus (laudationum) a praeceptis nostris,

id. de Or. 2, 84, 341; cf.:

ipsam pronuntiationem ab oratore,

Quint. 1, 11, 17: dicendi facultatem a majore vitae laude, id. 2, 15, 2:

sua a publicis consiliis,

Liv. 4, 57:

haec a probris ac sceleribus ejus,

Suet. Ner. 19 et saep.:

cur me a ceteris clarissimis viris in hoc officio secernas,

Cic. Sull. 1, 3:

publica privatis, sacra profanis,

Hor. A. P. 397.—

To distinguish, discern:

blandum amicum a vero,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

non satis acute, quae sunt secernenda, distinguit,

id. Top. 7, 31:

nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum, Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 113:

turpi honestum,

id. ib. 1, 6, 63.—

To set aside, reject:

cum reus frugalissimum quemque secerneret,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 3:

minus idoneos senatores,

Suet. Vit. 2.—Hence, sēcrē-tus, a, um, P. a., severed, separated; hence, separate, apart (as an adj. not freq. till after the Aug. period; not in Cic.; syn.: sejunctus, seclusus).

In gen.:

ne ducem suum, neve secretum imperium propriave signa haberent, miscuit manipulos, etc.,

Liv. 1, 52:

electa (uva defertur) in secretam corbulam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2:

arva,

Verg. A. 6, 478; Varr. L. L. 9, § 57 Müll.—

In partic.

Of places or things pertaining to them, out of the way, retired, remote, lonely, solitary, secret (syn.:

solus, remotus, arcanus): secreta petit loca, balnea vitat,

Hor. A. P. 298:

locus (opp. celeber),

Quint. 11, 1, 47:

montes,

Ov. M. 11, 765:

silva,

id. ib. 7, 75:

litora,

id. ib. 12, 196:

pars domus (the gynaeceum),

id. ib. 2, 737; cf. in sup.:

secretissimus locus (navis),

Petr. 100, 6: vastum ubique silentium, secreti colles, solitary, i. e. abandoned, deserted by the enemy, = deserti, Tac. Agr. 38:

iter (with semita),

solitary, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 103; cf.

quies,

Mart. 7, 32, 4.—Of persons and transactions, private, secret:

invadit secretissimos tumultus,

Sen. Ep. 91, 5:

vacuis porticibus secretus agitat,

Tac. A. 11, 21:

est aliquis ex secretis studiis fructus,

private studies, Quint. 2, 18, 4; so,

studia (opp. forum),

id. 12, 6, 4:

disputationes,

id. 12, 2, 7:

contentio,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 4 et saep. —Hence,

Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., retirement, solitude, secrecy; a solitude, solitary place, retreat (syn.: solitudo, secessus); sing.:

cum stilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes arbitros reformidet,

Quint. 10, 7, 16:

secreti longi causā,

Ov. H. 21, 21:

altum abditumque secretum, Phn. Ep. 2, 17, 22: dulce,

id. ib. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 30; 12, 5, 2; Tac. A. 4, 57; 14, 53; id. Agr. 39 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 10, 11; 4, 23, 6; Luc. 3, 314.— Plur.:

se a vulgo et scaenā in secreta removere,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 71:

horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae,

Verg. A. 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 594; Tac. H. 3, 63; Quint. 1, 2, 18:

dulcis secretorum comes (eloquentia),

id. 1, 4, 5:

cameli solitudines aut secreta certe petunt,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 173.— Comp.:

haec pars Suevorum in secretiora Germaniae porrigitur,

into the more remote parts, Tac. G. 41. —

Absol.: in secreto, in a secret place, secretly:

tempus in secreto lbi tereret,

Liv. 26, 19, 5:

reus in secreto agebatur,

Curt. 10, 4, 29.—

That is removed from acquaintance (cf. abditus), hidden, concealed, secret:

secreta ducis pectora,

Mart. 5, 5, 4:

secretas advocat artes,

Ov. M. 7, 138:

ars,

Petr. 3:

litterae (with familiares),

Quint. 1, 1, 29:

carmina (the Sibylline odes),

Luc. 1, 599:

libidines,

Tac. A. 1, 4 fin.:

quaedam imperii pignora,

Flor. 1, 2, 3.—With ab:

nec quicquam secretum alter ab altero haberent,

Liv. 39, 10, 1.— Comp.:

libertus ex secretioribus ministeriis,

Tac. Agr. 40:

praemia (opp. publica largitio),

id. H. 1, 24:

aliud (nomen),

Quint. 1, 4, 25:

vitium stomachi,

Mart. 3, 77, 9.— Poet. for the adv. secreto:

tu (Anna) secreta pyram tecto interiore Erige,

in secret, secretly, Verg. A. 4, 494; cf.:

stridere secreta divisos aure susurros,

secretly in each one's ear, Hor. S. 2, 8, 78.—Hence,

Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., something secret, secret conversation; a mystery, secret:

secretum petenti non nisi adhibito filio dedit,

Suet. Tib. 25 fin.; id. Calig. 23:

illuc me persecutus secretum petit,

a secret interview, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 11:

petito secreto futura aperit,

Tac. H. 2, 4.— Piur.:

crebra cum amicis secreta habere,

Tac. A. 13, 18:

animi secreta proferuntur,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141:

nulla lex jubet amicorum secreta non eloqui,

Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

omnium secreta rimari,

Tac. A. 6, 3:

horribile secretum,

Petr. 21, 3; Tac. H. 1, 17 fin.; id. Agr. 25; Suet. Aug. 66:

uxor omnis secreti capacissima,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 7; Quint. 12, 9, 5 al.—Concr.:

lucos ac nemora consecrant deorumque nominibus appellant secretum illud, quod solā reverentiā vident,

that mysterious being, Tac. G. 9 fin.—Plur.:

introitus, aperta, secreta velut in annales referebat,

Tac. A. 4, 67; cf.:

gens non astuta aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentia joci,

id. G. 22:

oratio animi secreta detegit,

Quint. 11, 1, 30; Tac. A. 1, 6; 4, 7 fin.; 6, 3; id. G. 19; Plin. Pan. 68, 6; Suet. Tib. 52; id. Oth. 3 et saep.—Concr.:

(Minerva) hanc legem dederat, sua ne secreta viderent,

i. e. the mysteries, Ov. M. 2, 556; 2, 749; cf.:

secretiora quaedam,

magic arts, Amm. 14, 6, 14:

in secretis ejus reperti sunt duo libelli,

among his private papers, Suet. Calig. 49.—

Pregn., separate from what is common, i. e. uncommon, rare, recondite (perh. only in the two foll. passages of Quint.):

(figurae) secretae et extra vulgarem usum positae, etc.,

Quint. 9, 3, 5: interpretatio linguae secretioris, quas Graeci glôssas vocant, i. e. of the more uncommon words, id. 1, 1, 35 (for which:

glossemata id est voces minus usitatas,

id. 1, 8, 15).—

In Lucr., of any thing separated from what belongs to it, i. e. wanting, deprived of, without something; with abl. or gen.:

nec porro secreta cibo natura animantum Propagare genus possit (corresp. to sine imbribus),

Lucr. 1, 194:

(corpora) secreta teporis Sunt ac frigoris omnino calidique vaporis (corresp. to spoliata colore),

id. 2, 843. —Hence, adv., in three forms: secreto (class.), secrete (post-class.), and secretim (late Lat. and very rare).

(Acc. to A.) Apart, by itself, separately:

de quibus (hortis) suo loco dicam secretius,

Col. 11, 2, 25. —

(Acc. to B. 2.) In secret, secretly; without witnesses; in private.

sēcrē-tō:

mirum, quid solus secum secreto ille agat,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 73:

secreto illum adjutabo,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 7:

secreto hoc audi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 2:

nescio quid secreto velle loqui te Aiebas mecum,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 67:

secreto te huc seduxi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 14:

facere,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 35; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 100; id. Att. 7, 8, 4; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4:

secreto ab aliis,

Liv. 3, 36:

secreto agere cum aliquo,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 1; Quint. 5, 13, 16; 9, 2, 79; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8; Curt. 7, 2, 13.—

sēcrētē, Tert. Or. 1 med.; id. Pall. 4 fin. —

Comp.:

secretius emittitur inflatio,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 4, 1. —

sēcrētim, Amm. 29, 1, 6.

ĭnĭtĭum, ĭi, n. [ineo], a going in, en trance.

A beginning, commencement (syn.: principium, exordium).

Lit.:

bonis initiis orsus tribunatus, tristes exitus habuit consulatus,

id. Brut. 34, 128:

initio accusationis,

id. de Or. 1, 26, 121:

initium capere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

dicendi initium sumere,

Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 1:

facere initium confligendi,

id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:

caedis initium ab aliquo facere,

id. ib. 5, 7, 20:

male ponere initia,

id. Att. 10, 18, 2:

ducere ab aliqua re,

id. ib. 9, 9, 2:

ab initio res quem ad modum facta sint, exponemus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 14: ab ultimo initio [p. 956] repetere, Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14:

seditionem ab altiore initio repetam,

Tac. H. 2, 27:

quia initio caedis orto difficilis modus,

id. ib. 1, 39.— Pleon.: querellae ab initio tantae ordiendae rei absint, Liv. praef. § 12; cf.:

prima initia incohare,

id. 3, 54, 9:

primum initium certaminis,

id. 6, 12, 10. — The abl. sing. is used adverbially, in the beginning, at first:

quemadmodum senatus initio censuit,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 4:

redeo ad illud quod initio scripsi,

id. ib. 1, 7, 5; Nep. Thras. 1, 5; id. Tim. 3, 1; id. Alc. 5, 3; Curt. 3, 8, 17 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 475. —

Transf.

Constituent parts, elements:

inde est indagatio nata initiorum, et tamquam seminum, unde essent omnia orta, generata, concreta,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69: illa initia, et, ut e Graeco vertam, elementa dicuntur ( = stoicheia), id. Ac. 1, 7, 26;

so of death: Augustus in sua resolutus initia,

Vell. 2, 123, 3. —

First principles, elements cf a science:

illa initia mathematicorum, quibus non concessis digitum progredi non possunt,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 116.—

Beginning, origin:

quomodo initium nobis rerum omnium ortus noster adferat, sic exitum mors, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

natus obscurissimis initiis,

Vell. 2, 761; cf.: pauca ab initio causisque talium facinorum non absurda, which relate to the origin, etc., Tac. H. 4, 48.—

Auspices, because with them everything was begun; hence, the beginning of a reign:

novis initiis et ominibus opus est,

i. e. of a new king, Curt. 5, 9, 4.—

Secret sacred rites, sacred mysteries, to which only the initiated were admitted:

initia vocantur potissimum ea, quae Cereri fiunt sacra,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 5:

initia Cereris,

Liv. 31, 47, 2; cf.

39, 8, 5: nihil melius illis mysteriis, quibus ex agresti immanique vita exculti ad humanitatem et mitigati sumus, initiaque ut appellantur, ita re vera principia vitae cognovimus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; Just. 2, 6:

initia Samothracum,

Curt. 8, 1, 12:

initiis pacis, foedus cum feritur,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 9.—

Things ( musical instruments) used in celebrating these mysteries:

Typanum, tubam, Cybele, tua, mater, initia,

Cat. 63, 9.

ĭnĭtĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [initium].

To begin, originate (only late Lat.): ver tunc initiatur, Firm. 2, 12: brassicam seremus vel irriguo loco, vel pluviā initiante madefacto, when the rainy season begins (which begins again after the dog-days), Pall. 7, 4:

ex his initiata sunt cetera,

Tert. adv. Val. 15:

initiatum jurgium,

Cod. Just. 3, 6, 3 al. —

To initiate, consecrate, or admit to secret religious rites.

Of the sacred mysteries of Ceres:

initienturque eo ritu Cereri, quo Romae initiantur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37; cf. id. ib. 2, 9, 21; Liv. 31, 14, 7; Just. 11, 7.—Of other mysteries:

initiari Bacchis,

Liv. 39, 14, 8; 39, 9, 4:

magicis cernis aliquem,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 17; Varr. ap. Non. 108, 21.—

In gen., to initiate into, consecrate to any thing (rare):

neque enim est sanctius sacris iisdem quam studiis initiari,

Quint. 1, 2, 20:

litteris,

Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 8; Symm. Ep. 4, 20.—

To baptize (eccl. Lat.), Tert. Monog. 8, de Joh. Bapt.

săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:

sacres porci,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:

quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,

Macr. S. 3, 7:

sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3.

In gen.

Absol.:

quicquam (opp. profanum),

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:

aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,

locus sacer et profanus,

id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:

miscebis sacra profanis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:

villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:

mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:

(legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,

Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:

deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,

Ov. H. 9, 159:

aedes,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:

lucus late sacer,

Verg. A. 5, 761:

arvum Martis,

Ov. M. 7, 101:

ara,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:

aurum,

Liv. 5, 50; cf.

pecunia (opp. privata),

Quint. 4, 2, 8:

arma,

Liv. 24, 21:

tus,

Ov. M. 14, 130:

sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),

Cat. 68, 75:

ales (so called from its use in augury),

Verg. A. 11, 721:

luces (with profestae),

Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.

dies (with religiosus),

Suet. Tib. 61:

tempus,

Hor. C. S. 4:

commissum,

a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,

laurus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:

robur,

Ov. M. 8, 752:

aqua,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:

fontes,

Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:

focus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 43:

Tarentum,

id. C. 1, 28, 29:

fines,

Sil. 3, 501; cf.

montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),

id. 4, 70;

vates (because dedicated to Apollo),

Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:

sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,

Hor. A. P. 391;

and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,

Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,

Cybebe,

id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;

v. the context).—Sacer Mons,

a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:

os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;

v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,

the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:

sacer lapis,

a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:

litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),

the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—

With gen. (class.):

ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,

urna Veneris,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:

urna Veneria,

id. ib. 2, 5, 18):

Dianae celebris dies,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

sepulcrum Batti veteris,

Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—

With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,

Ov. M. 7, 623:

esculus Jovi sacra,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:

Nymphis cervus,

Ov. M. 10, 109:

Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),

Verg. A. 6, 484:

pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,

Tac. A. 15, 53:

cupressus Diti sacra,

Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:

aesculus Jovi,

id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:

Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,

Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—

Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):

silentium,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:

laedere amantes,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:

lingua (Ciceronis),

Mart. 5, 69, 7:

Maro,

id. 8. 56, 3:

quaedam patris memoria,

Quint. 11, 1, 59:

O sacer et magnus vatum labor,

Luc. 9, 983:

heu sacri vatum errores,

Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;

disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,

Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:

auris Caesaris,

Mart. 7, 99, 4:

sacri lateris custos,

id. 6, 76, 1:

apud aures sacras mentitus est,

Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:

se Imperatori mentitum,

id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.

In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.

With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:

non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 7.—

Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:

eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,

Liv. 3, 55.—

Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of persons:

ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:

homo sacerrimus,

id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —

Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:

di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,

Cat. 14, 12:

hircus alarum,

id. 71, 1:

auri fames,

Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:

aurum fame,

Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:

venenum (Medeae),

Val. Fl. 7, 165:

nox,

id. 8, 25:

arma metu,

id. 4, 185; cf.

pavor,

id. 1, 798:

insania,

Stat. Th. 10, 804:

morbus,

i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:

ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).

Lit.

Sing.:

sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:

omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:

metuens velut contingere sacrum,

id. S. 2, 3, 110:

apud Cluacinae sacrum,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:

Minervae,

Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:

theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,

Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

sacrum Herculi facere,

Liv. 1, 7:

facere Junoni,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:

facto per Magos sacro,

Suet. Ner. 34:

sollemne sacrum conficere,

Flor. 1, 13, 16:

ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),

Quint. 1, 5, 67:

arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,

Liv. 41, 12:

sacrum piaculare fieri,

id. 29, 19:

sollemne Apollinis sacrum,

Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:

pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,

id. ib. 14, 80:

nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:

neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,

according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:

vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:

morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:

in sacro est,

id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—

Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:

sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,

Ov. M. 2, 713:

Troïa,

Tib. 2, 5, 40:

velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.

of the same,

Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:

cumque suis penetralia sacris,

i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:

jactata aequoribus sacra,

Hor. C.4,4,54:

pueri Sacra canunt,

sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,

sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:

neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,

Sall. C. 22, 2:

qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:

sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

(Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,

Liv. 1, 7; cf.:

sacra Jovi facturus erat,

Ov. M. 3, 26:

sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,

Verg. A. 4, 638:

ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,

Liv. 1, 20:

densi circumstant sacra ministri,

Ov. M. 2, 717:

arcana sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:

fera,

id. ib. 13, 454:

nefanda,

id. ib. 10, 228:

mystica,

id. H. 2, 42:

horrida,

Sil. 3, 140:

veneranda,

id. 7, 382:

casta,

Stat. Achill. 1, 370.

Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:

quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,

id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,

religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69:

sacra Cereris conficere,

id. Balb. 24, 55; so,

Cereris,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):

Eleusina,

Suet. Claud. 23:

Junonis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:

Orphica,

rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:

Bacchia,

Ov. M. 3, 518:

trieterica Bacchi,

id. ib. 6, 587:

Dianae,

id. ib. 7, 94;

15, 489: Isidis,

Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—

The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):

sacra privata perpetua manento,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:

an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?

Liv. 5, 52:

ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 49:

magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,

id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:

ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,

Liv. 4,2:

sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

sacrorum alienatio,

id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:

sacrum familiare,

Macr. S. 1, 16:

nuptialia,

marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;

called also jugalia,

Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—

Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):

mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

vatum,

Pers. prol. 7:

Maronis,

Mart. 7, 63, 5. —

Prov.

Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:

inter sacrum et saxum positus,

App. M. 11, p. 271 fin. —

Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—

Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):

sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,

Ov. M. 7, 709:

peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,

Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:

omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,

id. 5, 13, 60):

litterarum colere,

id. 10, 1, 92:

studiorum profanare,

Tac. Or. 11.

fax, făcis (also in the nom. sing. ‡ faces, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 87, 9 Müll.; gen. plur.: facum, acc. to Charis. p. 113 P., but without example), f. [root bhā, to shine; cf. favilla], a torch, firebrand, flambeau, link, orig. of pine or other resinous wood.

Lit. (syn.: taeda, funale, cerĕus, candela, lucerna, laterna): alii faces atque aridam materiem de muro in aggerem eminus jaciebant, * Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4; Liv. 22, 16, 7:

ambulare cum facibus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 52:

malleolos et faces ad inflammandam urbem comparare,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

ego faces jam accensas ad hujus urbis incendium exstinxi,

id. Pis. 2, 5:

servi in tecta nostra cum facibus immissi,

id. Att. 14, 10, 1; cf.:

faces incendere,

id. Phil. 2, 36, 91:

si te in Capitolium faces ferre vellet,

id. Lael. 11, 37:

ardentem facem praeferre,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 74:

castris inicere,

Tac. H. 4, 60;

subdere urbi,

Curt. 5, 7, 4:

faces ferro inspicare,

Verg. G. 1, 292; cf.:

facis incidere,

Plin. 18, 26, 63, § 233:

dilapsam in cineres facem,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 28.—At weddings, the torch carried before the bride on the way to her home, usually made of white-thorn (Spina alba) or pine, the nuptial torch: spina, nuptiarum facibus auspicatissima, Masur. ap. Plin. 16, 18, 30, § 75; Fest. s. v. patrimi, p. 245; s. v. rapi, p. 289 Müll.; Varr. ap. Non. 112, 27; id. ap. Serv. Verg. E. 8, 29; Plaut. Cas. 1, 30; Cat. 61, 98 sq.; Verg. E. 8, 29; Ov. M. 10, 6; Stat. Th. 2, 259 al.;

hence, nuptiales,

Cic. Clu. 6, 15; Liv. 30, 13, 12:

maritae,

Ov. H. 11, 101:

legitimae,

Luc. 2, 356.—Cf. Anthon's Dict. of Antiq. p. 434, and v. infra. Torches were also carried in funeral processions, Verg. A. 11, 142; Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 17; Ov. F. 2, 561; id. H. 21, 172; Sen. Tranq. 11; id. Vit. Beat. fin.; id. Ep. 222;

and in the Eleusinian mysteries,

Juv. 15, 140.—An attribute of Cupid, Tib. 2, 1, 82; Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 16; Ov. M. 1, 461; 10, 312 al.;

of the Furies,

Verg. A. 7, 337; Ov. M. 4, 482; 508; 6, 430; Quint. 9, 3, 47 al.—

Transf.

On account of the use of torches at weddings ( poet.), a wedding, marriage:

face nuptiali digna,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 33; cf.:

te face sollemni junget sibi,

Ov. M. 7, 49.—And referring at the same time to the funeral torch:

viximus insignes inter utramque facem,

i. e. between marriage and death, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 46.—

The light of the heavenly bodies ( poet.):

dum roseā face sol inferret lumina caelo,

Lucr. 5, 976; cf.:

Phoebi fax, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18: canentes Rite crescentem face Noctilucam,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 38:

aeterna fax,

i. e. the sun, Sen. Thyest. 835.—

A fiery meteor, fire-ball, shooting-star, comet:

noctivagaeque faces caeli flammaeque volantes,

Lucr. 5, 1191; cf.:

nocturnasque faces caeli, sublime volantes,

id. 2, 206:

emicant et faces non nisi cum decidunt visae, etc.,

Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96:

tum facibus visis caelestibus, tum stellis iis, quas Graeci cometas, nostri cincinnatas vocant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Cat. 3, 8, 18; Liv. 41, 21, 13; 29, 14, 3; Verg. A. 2, 694; Ov. M. 15, 787; Luc. 1, 528; Petr. 122; Sen. Oet. 232.—

Of lightning:

facem flammantem dirigere,

Val. Fl. 1, 569; id. 4, 671. —

Of the eyes:

oculi, geminae, sidera nostra, faces,

Prop. 2, 3, 14:

has ego credo faces, haec virginis ora Dianae,

Val. Fl. 5, 380; cf.:

tranquillaeque faces oculis et plurima vultu materinest,

Stat. Ach. 1, 164.—

Prima fax (noctis), early torchlight, immediately after dark (post-class.); cf.:

luminibus accensis, Auct. B. Afr. 89: tempus diei occiduum, mox suprema tempestas, hoc est diei novissimum tempus: deinde vespera: ab hoc tempore prima fax dicitur, deinde concubia, etc.,

Macr. S, 1, 3 fin.; Gell. 3, 2, 11; 18, 1 fin.; App. M. 2, p. 119, 20.

Trop.

That which illuminates, makes conspicuous ( poet.):

incipit parentum nobilitas facem praeferre pudendis,

Juv. 8, 139; cf. Sall. J. 80.—

That which inflames or incites, incitement, stimulus, cause of ruin, destruction (freq. and class.):

cum corporis facibus inflammari soleamus ad omnes fere cupiditates eoque magis incendi, quod, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

me torret face mutua Calais,

flame of love, Hor. C. 3, 9, 13; cf.:

iraï fax,

Lucr. 3, 303:

dicendi faces,

flames, fires of eloquence, Cic. de Or. 2, 51, 205; cf.:

alicui quasi quasdam verborum faces admovere,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4:

alicui acriores ad studia dicendi faces subdere,

Quint. 1, 2, 25 Spald.:

hortator studii causaque faxque mei,

guide, leader, Ov. Pont. 1, 7, 28; and: incitator et fax omnium, Prud. steph. 10, 67:

subicere faces invidiae alicujus,

Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

flagrantibus jam militum animis velut faces addere,

Tac. H. 1, 24:

acerrimam bello facem praetulit,

id. ib. 2, 86:

(rogationes promulgavit) duas faces novantibus res ad plebem in optimates accendendam,

Liv. 32, 38, 9:

inde faces ardent, a dote,

Juv. 6, 139: adolescentulo ad libidinem facem praeferre, i. e. to be a leader or guide, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

Antonius omnium Clodi incendiorum fax,

instigator, id. Phil. 2, 19, 48; cf.:

fax accusationis et origo,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 3:

fax hujus belli (Hannibal),

Liv. 21, 10, 11; Vell. 2, 25, 3:

dolorum cum admoventur faces,

Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

(dolor) ardentes faces intentat,

id. ib. 5, 27, 76:

quae (Agrippinae) Gaium et Domitium Neronem principes genuere totidem facis generis humani,

destroyers, Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45.— Absol.:

cum his furiis et facibus, cum his exitiosis prodigiis (i e. Gabinio et Pisone),

Cic. Har. Resp. 2, 4.

sĭlĕo, ŭi ( perf. pass. silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2), 2, v. n. and a. [cf. Goth. silan, ana-silan, to be silent; Germ. seltsam, selten], to be noiseless, still, or silent, to keep silence; act., not to speak of, to keep silent respecting a thing (class.; stronger than tacere).

Lit.

Absol.:

silete et tacete atque animum advortite,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 3; id. Capt. 3, 1, 20:

optimum quemque silere,

Liv. 39, 27 fin.:

muta silet virgo,

Ov. M. 10, 389:

lingua, sile,

id. P. 2, 2, 61:

sedentibus ac silentibus cunctis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

obstrepentes forte ranas silere jussit,

id. Aug. 94.—

With de:

cum ceteri de nobis silent,

Cic. Sull. 29, 80:

de dracone silet,

id. Div. 2, 30, 65:

de re publicā ut sileremus,

id. Brut. 42, 157; cf. id. ib. 76, 266; cf. Fabri ad Sall. J. 19, 2.— Impers. pass.:

de jurgio siletur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 13; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 32; Sall. C. 2, 8: usque ab Abraham de justorum aliquorum commemoratione silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2.—

With acc.:

quae hoc tempore sileret omnia,

Cic. Clu. 6, 18:

tu hoc silebis,

id. Att. 2, 18, 3:

neque te silebo, Liber,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 21; cf. id. ib. 4, 9, 31:

fortia facta,

Ov. M. 12, 575:

alium silere quod voles,

Sen. Hippol. 876:

nulla me tellus silet,

id. Herc. Oet. 39; cf.:

facti culpa silenda mihi,

Ov. Tr. 2, 208.— Pass.:

ea res siletur,

Cic. Fl. 3, 6:

quod ego praetermitto et facile patior sileri,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 14:

ne nunc quidem post tot saecula sileantur,

Liv. 27, 10, 7:

per quem tria verba silentur,

Ov. F. 1, 47:

mala causa silenda est,

id. P. 3, 1, 147:

quisquis ille, sileatur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 4; cf. Tac. Agr. 41.— Part. pass. as subst.: sĭlenda, ōrum, mysteries, secrets, Liv. 39, 10, 5; cf. Curt. 6, 25, 3.—

With rel.clause:

quā tulerit mercede, silet,

Ov. M. 7, 688.—

With obj.-clause: ut sileat verbum facere, Auct. B. Hisp. 3, 7.—

Of things (mostly poet.):

intempesta silet nox,

Verg. G. 1, 247:

silet aequor,

id. E. 9, 57:

mare,

Val. Fl. 7, 542:

immotae frondes,

Ov. M. 7, 187:

umidus aër,

id. ib.:

aura,

Col. 2, 21, 5:

venti,

id. 12, 25, 4:

tranquillo silet immotāque attollitur undā Campus,

Verg. A. 5, 127; cf.:

silent late loca,

id. ib. 9, 190:

tempus erat quo cuncta silent,

Ov. M. 10, 446; cf. also infra P. a.—Act.:

si chartae sileant quod bene feceris,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 21.—

Transf., to be still or quiet (opp. to being in action), to remain inactive, to rest, cease (in class. prose, for the most part only of things; cf.

quiesco): et cycnea mele Phoebeaque Carmina consimili ratione oppressa silerent,

Lucr. 2, 506:

silent diutius Musae Varronis quam solebant,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

silent leges inter arma,

id. Mil. 4, 10:

si quando ambitus sileat,

id. Leg. 3, 17, 39:

ne sileret sine fabulis hilaritas,

Petr. 110, 6.—Of persons:

fixaque silet Gradivus in hastā,

Val. Fl. 4, 281:

nec ceterae nationes silebant (with arma movere),

Tac. H. 3, 47.—Hence, sĭlens, entis (abl. silente;

but -ti,

Liv. 23, 35, 18 al.; Ov. M. 4, 84; neutr. plur. silenta loca, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 7; gen. plur. ( poet.) silentum, Verg. A. 6, 432; Ov. M. 5, 356 al.), P. a., still, calm, quiet, silent:

nocte silenti,

Ov. M. 4, 84; Verg. A. 4, 527:

silenti nocte,

Liv. 26, 5, 9;

Petr. poët. 89, 2, 32: silente nocte,

Tib. 1, 5, 16:

silente caelo,

Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 279:

silenti agmine ducam vos,

Liv. 25, 38; so,

silenti agmine,

id. 31, 38 fin.; 35, 4:

per lucos silentes,

Verg. G. 1, 476:

vultu defixus uterque silenti,

Val. Fl. 7, 407:

umbrae silentes,

i. e. the dead, Verg. A. 6, 264;

called populus silens,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 237; more freq. as subst.: sĭlentes, um, comm., the dead:

umbrae silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 797; so,

rex silentum,

id. ib. 5, 356:

sedes,

id. ib. 15, 772; Val. Fl. 1, 750; cf.:

Aeacus jura silentibus illic Reddit,

Ov. M. 13, 25.—The Pythagoreans were also called Silentes for the five years during which they were to listen to the instructions of Pythagoras:

coetus silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 66;

hence, silentes anni, these five years of the Pythagoreans,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 157: luna silenti, not shining, i. e. at the end of the month, Cato, R. R. 29; 40; 50; Col. 2, 10, 11; cf. Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 190:

sarmentum,

not yet shooting forth, Col. 4, 29, 1:

vineae,

id. 4, 27, 1:

surculi,

id. 11, 2, 26:

flos,

id. 12, 7, 1:

ova,

in which the chicks do not yet move, id. 8, 5, 15.—With ab:

dies silens a ventis,

Col. 4, 29, 5.—Hence, adv.: sĭlenter, silently, Juvenc. 3, 462; Vulg. 1, Reg. 24, 5.

sĭlĕo, ŭi ( perf. pass. silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2), 2, v. n. and a. [cf. Goth. silan, ana-silan, to be silent; Germ. seltsam, selten], to be noiseless, still, or silent, to keep silence; act., not to speak of, to keep silent respecting a thing (class.; stronger than tacere).

Lit.

Absol.:

silete et tacete atque animum advortite,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 3; id. Capt. 3, 1, 20:

optimum quemque silere,

Liv. 39, 27 fin.:

muta silet virgo,

Ov. M. 10, 389:

lingua, sile,

id. P. 2, 2, 61:

sedentibus ac silentibus cunctis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

obstrepentes forte ranas silere jussit,

id. Aug. 94.—

With de:

cum ceteri de nobis silent,

Cic. Sull. 29, 80:

de dracone silet,

id. Div. 2, 30, 65:

de re publicā ut sileremus,

id. Brut. 42, 157; cf. id. ib. 76, 266; cf. Fabri ad Sall. J. 19, 2.— Impers. pass.:

de jurgio siletur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 13; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 32; Sall. C. 2, 8: usque ab Abraham de justorum aliquorum commemoratione silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2.—

With acc.:

quae hoc tempore sileret omnia,

Cic. Clu. 6, 18:

tu hoc silebis,

id. Att. 2, 18, 3:

neque te silebo, Liber,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 21; cf. id. ib. 4, 9, 31:

fortia facta,

Ov. M. 12, 575:

alium silere quod voles,

Sen. Hippol. 876:

nulla me tellus silet,

id. Herc. Oet. 39; cf.:

facti culpa silenda mihi,

Ov. Tr. 2, 208.— Pass.:

ea res siletur,

Cic. Fl. 3, 6:

quod ego praetermitto et facile patior sileri,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 14:

ne nunc quidem post tot saecula sileantur,

Liv. 27, 10, 7:

per quem tria verba silentur,

Ov. F. 1, 47:

mala causa silenda est,

id. P. 3, 1, 147:

quisquis ille, sileatur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 4; cf. Tac. Agr. 41.— Part. pass. as subst.: sĭlenda, ōrum, mysteries, secrets, Liv. 39, 10, 5; cf. Curt. 6, 25, 3.—

With rel.clause:

quā tulerit mercede, silet,

Ov. M. 7, 688.—

With obj.-clause: ut sileat verbum facere, Auct. B. Hisp. 3, 7.—

Of things (mostly poet.):

intempesta silet nox,

Verg. G. 1, 247:

silet aequor,

id. E. 9, 57:

mare,

Val. Fl. 7, 542:

immotae frondes,

Ov. M. 7, 187:

umidus aër,

id. ib.:

aura,

Col. 2, 21, 5:

venti,

id. 12, 25, 4:

tranquillo silet immotāque attollitur undā Campus,

Verg. A. 5, 127; cf.:

silent late loca,

id. ib. 9, 190:

tempus erat quo cuncta silent,

Ov. M. 10, 446; cf. also infra P. a.—Act.:

si chartae sileant quod bene feceris,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 21.—

Transf., to be still or quiet (opp. to being in action), to remain inactive, to rest, cease (in class. prose, for the most part only of things; cf.

quiesco): et cycnea mele Phoebeaque Carmina consimili ratione oppressa silerent,

Lucr. 2, 506:

silent diutius Musae Varronis quam solebant,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

silent leges inter arma,

id. Mil. 4, 10:

si quando ambitus sileat,

id. Leg. 3, 17, 39:

ne sileret sine fabulis hilaritas,

Petr. 110, 6.—Of persons:

fixaque silet Gradivus in hastā,

Val. Fl. 4, 281:

nec ceterae nationes silebant (with arma movere),

Tac. H. 3, 47.—Hence, sĭlens, entis (abl. silente;

but -ti,

Liv. 23, 35, 18 al.; Ov. M. 4, 84; neutr. plur. silenta loca, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 7; gen. plur. ( poet.) silentum, Verg. A. 6, 432; Ov. M. 5, 356 al.), P. a., still, calm, quiet, silent:

nocte silenti,

Ov. M. 4, 84; Verg. A. 4, 527:

silenti nocte,

Liv. 26, 5, 9;

Petr. poët. 89, 2, 32: silente nocte,

Tib. 1, 5, 16:

silente caelo,

Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 279:

silenti agmine ducam vos,

Liv. 25, 38; so,

silenti agmine,

id. 31, 38 fin.; 35, 4:

per lucos silentes,

Verg. G. 1, 476:

vultu defixus uterque silenti,

Val. Fl. 7, 407:

umbrae silentes,

i. e. the dead, Verg. A. 6, 264;

called populus silens,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 237; more freq. as subst.: sĭlentes, um, comm., the dead:

umbrae silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 797; so,

rex silentum,

id. ib. 5, 356:

sedes,

id. ib. 15, 772; Val. Fl. 1, 750; cf.:

Aeacus jura silentibus illic Reddit,

Ov. M. 13, 25.—The Pythagoreans were also called Silentes for the five years during which they were to listen to the instructions of Pythagoras:

coetus silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 66;

hence, silentes anni, these five years of the Pythagoreans,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 157: luna silenti, not shining, i. e. at the end of the month, Cato, R. R. 29; 40; 50; Col. 2, 10, 11; cf. Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 190:

sarmentum,

not yet shooting forth, Col. 4, 29, 1:

vineae,

id. 4, 27, 1:

surculi,

id. 11, 2, 26:

flos,

id. 12, 7, 1:

ova,

in which the chicks do not yet move, id. 8, 5, 15.—With ab:

dies silens a ventis,

Col. 4, 29, 5.—Hence, adv.: sĭlenter, silently, Juvenc. 3, 462; Vulg. 1, Reg. 24, 5.

sĭlĕo, ŭi ( perf. pass. silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2), 2, v. n. and a. [cf. Goth. silan, ana-silan, to be silent; Germ. seltsam, selten], to be noiseless, still, or silent, to keep silence; act., not to speak of, to keep silent respecting a thing (class.; stronger than tacere).

Lit.

Absol.:

silete et tacete atque animum advortite,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 3; id. Capt. 3, 1, 20:

optimum quemque silere,

Liv. 39, 27 fin.:

muta silet virgo,

Ov. M. 10, 389:

lingua, sile,

id. P. 2, 2, 61:

sedentibus ac silentibus cunctis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

obstrepentes forte ranas silere jussit,

id. Aug. 94.—

With de:

cum ceteri de nobis silent,

Cic. Sull. 29, 80:

de dracone silet,

id. Div. 2, 30, 65:

de re publicā ut sileremus,

id. Brut. 42, 157; cf. id. ib. 76, 266; cf. Fabri ad Sall. J. 19, 2.— Impers. pass.:

de jurgio siletur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 13; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 32; Sall. C. 2, 8: usque ab Abraham de justorum aliquorum commemoratione silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2.—

With acc.:

quae hoc tempore sileret omnia,

Cic. Clu. 6, 18:

tu hoc silebis,

id. Att. 2, 18, 3:

neque te silebo, Liber,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 21; cf. id. ib. 4, 9, 31:

fortia facta,

Ov. M. 12, 575:

alium silere quod voles,

Sen. Hippol. 876:

nulla me tellus silet,

id. Herc. Oet. 39; cf.:

facti culpa silenda mihi,

Ov. Tr. 2, 208.— Pass.:

ea res siletur,

Cic. Fl. 3, 6:

quod ego praetermitto et facile patior sileri,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 14:

ne nunc quidem post tot saecula sileantur,

Liv. 27, 10, 7:

per quem tria verba silentur,

Ov. F. 1, 47:

mala causa silenda est,

id. P. 3, 1, 147:

quisquis ille, sileatur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 4; cf. Tac. Agr. 41.— Part. pass. as subst.: sĭlenda, ōrum, mysteries, secrets, Liv. 39, 10, 5; cf. Curt. 6, 25, 3.—

With rel.clause:

quā tulerit mercede, silet,

Ov. M. 7, 688.—

With obj.-clause: ut sileat verbum facere, Auct. B. Hisp. 3, 7.—

Of things (mostly poet.):

intempesta silet nox,

Verg. G. 1, 247:

silet aequor,

id. E. 9, 57:

mare,

Val. Fl. 7, 542:

immotae frondes,

Ov. M. 7, 187:

umidus aër,

id. ib.:

aura,

Col. 2, 21, 5:

venti,

id. 12, 25, 4:

tranquillo silet immotāque attollitur undā Campus,

Verg. A. 5, 127; cf.:

silent late loca,

id. ib. 9, 190:

tempus erat quo cuncta silent,

Ov. M. 10, 446; cf. also infra P. a.—Act.:

si chartae sileant quod bene feceris,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 21.—

Transf., to be still or quiet (opp. to being in action), to remain inactive, to rest, cease (in class. prose, for the most part only of things; cf.

quiesco): et cycnea mele Phoebeaque Carmina consimili ratione oppressa silerent,

Lucr. 2, 506:

silent diutius Musae Varronis quam solebant,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

silent leges inter arma,

id. Mil. 4, 10:

si quando ambitus sileat,

id. Leg. 3, 17, 39:

ne sileret sine fabulis hilaritas,

Petr. 110, 6.—Of persons:

fixaque silet Gradivus in hastā,

Val. Fl. 4, 281:

nec ceterae nationes silebant (with arma movere),

Tac. H. 3, 47.—Hence, sĭlens, entis (abl. silente;

but -ti,

Liv. 23, 35, 18 al.; Ov. M. 4, 84; neutr. plur. silenta loca, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 7; gen. plur. ( poet.) silentum, Verg. A. 6, 432; Ov. M. 5, 356 al.), P. a., still, calm, quiet, silent:

nocte silenti,

Ov. M. 4, 84; Verg. A. 4, 527:

silenti nocte,

Liv. 26, 5, 9;

Petr. poët. 89, 2, 32: silente nocte,

Tib. 1, 5, 16:

silente caelo,

Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 279:

silenti agmine ducam vos,

Liv. 25, 38; so,

silenti agmine,

id. 31, 38 fin.; 35, 4:

per lucos silentes,

Verg. G. 1, 476:

vultu defixus uterque silenti,

Val. Fl. 7, 407:

umbrae silentes,

i. e. the dead, Verg. A. 6, 264;

called populus silens,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 237; more freq. as subst.: sĭlentes, um, comm., the dead:

umbrae silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 797; so,

rex silentum,

id. ib. 5, 356:

sedes,

id. ib. 15, 772; Val. Fl. 1, 750; cf.:

Aeacus jura silentibus illic Reddit,

Ov. M. 13, 25.—The Pythagoreans were also called Silentes for the five years during which they were to listen to the instructions of Pythagoras:

coetus silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 66;

hence, silentes anni, these five years of the Pythagoreans,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 157: luna silenti, not shining, i. e. at the end of the month, Cato, R. R. 29; 40; 50; Col. 2, 10, 11; cf. Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 190:

sarmentum,

not yet shooting forth, Col. 4, 29, 1:

vineae,

id. 4, 27, 1:

surculi,

id. 11, 2, 26:

flos,

id. 12, 7, 1:

ova,

in which the chicks do not yet move, id. 8, 5, 15.—With ab:

dies silens a ventis,

Col. 4, 29, 5.—Hence, adv.: sĭlenter, silently, Juvenc. 3, 462; Vulg. 1, Reg. 24, 5.